Together with Alexandre Herculano and Joaquim António de Aguiar, he took part in the Landing of Mindelo, carried out during the Liberal Wars. In 1828, under the rule of King Miguel of Portugal, he was again forced to settle in England, publishing Adozinda and performing his tragedy Catão at the Theatre Royal in Plymouth. In 1826, he returned to Portugal, where he settled for two years and founded the newspapers O Portuguez and O Chronista. In the beginning of 1825, Garrett left for France where he wrote Camões (1825) and Dona Branca (1826), poems that are usually considered the first Romantic works in Portuguese literature. While in England, in Edgbaston, Warwickshire, he began his association with Romanticism, being subject to the first-hand influences of William Shakespeare and Walter Scott, as well as to that of Gothic aesthetics. He had just married the beautiful Luísa Cândida Midosi who was only 12 or 13 years old at the time and was the sister of his friend Luís Frederico Midosi, later married to Maria Teresa Achemon, both related to theatre and children of José Midosi (son of an Italian father and an Irish mother) and wife Ana Cândida de Ataíde Lobo. After the " Vilafrancada", a reactionary coup d'état led by the Infante Dom Miguel in 1823, he was forced to seek exile in England. In 1818, he published O Retrato de Vénus, a work for which was soon to be prosecuted, as it was considered "materialist, atheist, and immoral" it was during this period that he adopted and added his pen name de Almeida Garrett, who was seen as more aristocratic.Īlthough he did not take active part in the Liberal Revolution that broke out in Porto in 1820, he contributed with two patriotic verses, the Hymno Constitucional and the Hymno Patriótico, which his friends copied and distributed in the streets of Porto. In 1818, he moved to Coimbra to study at the University law school. In childhood, his mulatto Brazilian nanny Rosa de Lima taught him some traditional stories that later influenced his work. While in the Azores, he was taught by his uncle, Dom Frei Alexandre da Sagrada Família ( Faial, Horta, – Terceira, Angra do Heroísmo, 22 April 1818), also a freemason, then the 25th Bishop of Angra (1816–1818) and former bishop of Malacca and Timor his two other uncles were Manuel Inácio da Silva Garrett, Archdeacon of Angra, and Inácio da Silva Garrett, also a clergyman of Angra. In 1809, his family fled the second French invasion carried out by Soult's troops, seeking refuge in Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira Island, Azores. At an early age, around 4 or 5 years old, Garrett changed his name to João Baptista da Silva Leitão, adding a name from his godfather and altering the order of his surnames. Garrett was born in Porto, the son of António Bernardo da Silva Garrett (1739–1834), a fidalgo of the Royal Household and knight of the Order of Christ, and his wife (they were married in 1796) Ana Augusta de Almeida Leitão (b. Maria II National Theatre and the creation of the Conservatory of Dramatic Art. A major promoter of theater in Portugal he is considered the greatest figure of Portuguese Romanticism and a true revolutionary and humanist. João Baptista da Silva Leitão de Almeida Garrett, 1st Viscount of Almeida Garrett ( Portuguese pronunciation: 4 February 1799 – 9 December 1854) was a Portuguese poet, orator, playwright, novelist, journalist, politician, and a peer of the realm. Inspector-General of the National Theatres and Shows Viagens na Minha Terra, Camões, Frei Luís de SousaĬhief Chronicler of the Kingdom of Portugal Poet, playwright, novelist, politician, journalist João Baptista da Silva Leitão de Almeida Garrett A lithograph of Garrett, by Pedro Augusto Guglielmi
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